ABSTRACT
Cinnamomum migao plants often face different degrees of drought in karst habitats, which can lead to plants’ death, especially in the seedling stage. Widespread of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi in karst soils have the potential to address this drought, which is a threat to C. migao seedlings. We inoculated C. migao seedlings with spores from Glomus lamellosum and Glomus etunicatum, two AM fungi widely distributed in karst soils, to observe seedling growth response after simulated drought. Our results showed that 40 g of G. lamellosum and G. etunicatum significantly promoted the growth of C. migao seedlings, 120 days after inoculation. Following a 15-day drought treatment, root colonization of the seedlings with G. lamellosum or G. etunicatum had lower the accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA) and increased the accumulation of enzymes and osmotic substances in the seedlings. The relative water content in different organs (roots, stems, and leaves) of the drought-stressed seedlings was higher in plants with G. lamellosum or G. etunicatum than in plants without AM fungi colonization. Our results showed that inoculation with AM fungi was an effective means to improve the drought resistance of C. migao seedlings.
ABSTRACT
Cinnamomum migao plants often face different degrees of drought in karst habitats, which can lead to plants’ death, especially in the seedling stage. Widespread of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi in karst soils have the potential to address this drought, which is a threat to C. migao seedlings. We inoculated C. migao seedlings with spores from Glomus lamellosum and Glomus etunicatum, two AM fungi widely distributed in karst soils, to observe seedling growth response after simulated drought. Our results showed that 40 g of G. lamellosum and G. etunicatum significantly promoted the growth of C. migao seedlings, 120 days after inoculation. Following a 15-day drought treatment, root colonization of the seedlings with G. lamellosum or G. etunicatum had lower the accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA) and increased the accumulation of enzymes and osmotic substances in the seedlings. The relative water content in different organs (roots, stems, and leaves) of the drought-stressed seedlings was higher in plants with G. lamellosum or G. etunicatum than in plants without AM fungi colonization. Our results showed that inoculation with AM fungi was an effective means to improve the drought resistance of C. migao seedlings.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the cytotoxicity of laser-welded nickel titanium (NiTi) and stainless steel composite archwire.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The NiTi and stainless steel composite archwire (CoAW) laser-welded with pure copper inrerplayer was studied with methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) test in vitro. The cytotoxicity of CoAW was compared with stainless steel archwire and NiTi archwire. Two tests were carried out. Test 1: the immersed solution of CoAW was diluted to five grades (50%, 40%, 30%, 20%, 10%). The cytotoxicity in vitro of these agents was assayed on murine fibroblast cell L929 line with MTT test at 24 and 48 hours. Test 2: the immeresed solution of CoAW, NiTi archwires and stainless steel archwires was diluted to four grads (100%, 75%, 50%, 25%). The cytotoxity of three kinds of material was compared at 48 hours.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The results of all samples revealed level 0-1 cytotoxicity. In test 1, the same grade solution optical density (except 20%) at 24 hours was statistically lower than at 48 hours. In test 2, the optical density of CoAW solution (1.964 ± 0.122, 2.084 ± 0.056, 2.056 ± 0.071, 2.096 ± 0.050) was statistically lower than the same grade solution of stainless steel archwire (2.168 ± 0.091, 2.227 ± 0.160, 2.302 ± 0.052, 2.301 ± 0.060) and NiTi archwire (2.138 ± 0.105, 2.262 ± 0.050, 2.271 ± 0.082, 2.294 ± 0.056) (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The MTT test of CoAW in vitro showed that cytotoxicity was related to concentration and time. The cytotoxicity of the CoAW was more serious than that of stainless steel and NiTi archwires. However, CoAW belonged to secure rang of material toxicity reaction.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Copper , In Vitro Techniques , Lasers , Nickel , Toxicity , Orthodontic Wires , Stainless Steel , Titanium , Toxicity , WeldingABSTRACT
A rare case of submandibular venous malformation with multiple phleboliths is reported.The clinical pathology,diagnosis ,treat-ment,causes and differential diagnosis of submandibular gland sialolithiasis were discussed based on related literatures.
ABSTRACT
Objective To explore the effect of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) on polysomnography in patients with insomnia. Methods 20 healthy volunteers and 60 patients with primary insomnia from the outpatient department were chosen. The insomnia patients were divided into 2 groups with 30 patients in each group, one group received TMS every day, the other group received benzodiazepine 5 mg every night, both groups were treated for 14 days. The healthy volunteer received no treatment. The effect was assessed with polysom-nography before and after treatment. 20 healthy volunteers were as the normal group and they were assessed by polysomnography only when they were collected. Results TMS and benzodiazepine have the same effect on sleep latency, sleep time, awakening time and sleep effi-ciency. And TMS may increase S3~S4 and rapid eye movement sleep. Conclusion TMS has better effect than benzodiazepine in the treat-ment of sleep disorder.